Ecotourism and conservation: perspectives and practices in Los Tuxtlas biosphere reserve, Mexico and Maasai Mara biosphere reserve, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47557/PMQQ9256Keywords:
ecotourism, conservation, socioeconomic development, tuxtlas, masaaiAbstract
The study presents an analysis of the relationship between ecotourism and conservation attitudes held by local community in two biosphere reserves: Los Tuxtlas, Mexico and Maasai Mara, Kenya. Information was collected through a quantitative survey administered by the researcher, open interviews, four focus group discussions, as well as direct observation and participation. It was found that conservation attitudes are determined by different factors, among them, direct and indirect benefits of ecotourism, customs, laws and restrictions. It was also found that ecotourism can generate negative impacts as a result of unintended or wrong actions
Downloads
References
Adams, J. S. y McShane, T. O. (1992). The Myth of Wild Africa: Conservation without Illusion. Berkely y Los Ángeles: University of California Press.
Adams, W. M. y Hutton, J. (2007). People, parks and poverty: Political ecology and biodiversity conservation. Conservation and Society, 5(2), 147-183.
Agüera, F. O. y Morales, P. C. (2015). Ecoturismo y desarrollo sostenible. Un estudio de caso en comunidades rurales de República Dominicana. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 13(6), 1425-1435.
Barriga, A. M. (2015). La contradicción del turismo en la conservación y el desarrollo en Galápagos-Ecuador. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 24(2), 399-413.
Barriga, A. M. (2017). Percepciones de la gestión del turismo en dos reservas de biosfera ecuatorianas: Galápagos y Sumaco. Investigaciones Geográficas, Boletín del Instituto de Geografía, 93, 110-125.
Bello, F. G., Lovelock, B. y Carr, N. (2017). Constraints of community participation in protected area-based tourism planning: The case of Malawi. Journal of Ecotourism, 16(2), 131-151.
Björk, P. (2007). Definition paradoxes: From concept to definition. En J. E. Higham (ed.), Critical Issues in Ecotourism: Understanding a Complex Phenomenon (pp. 23-45). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Brasileiro, M. S. y Tovar, L. S. (2017). Actividad turística y empleo. Una realidad entendidad desde los actores. Paradigma, 24(2), 87-111.
Brenner, L. y Job, H. (2012). Challenges to actor‐oriented environmental governance: Examples from three Mexican biosphere reserves. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 103(1), 1-19.
Butler, R. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution. Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5-12.
Cardoso-Jiménez, C. (2006). Turismo sostenible: una revisión conceptual aplicada. El Periplo Sustentable, 11, 5-21.
Castillo, S. A., Baltazar, E. B., Lugo, E. E. y Piñera, E. N. (2016). Procesos organizativos, turismo y conservación en la reserva de la biósfera Ría Lagartos, Yucatán. Estudios Sociales, 25(47), 164-187.
Ghimire, K. B. (1994). Parks and people: Livelihood issues in national parks management in Thailand and Madagascar. Development and Change, 25(1), 195-229.
Gómez, N. S. (2011). La planificación de los destinos turísticos mexicanos: una receta mil veces vanagloriada. Renovación y restructuración de destinos turísticos consolidados del litoral, Bloque temático 1: Principios y fundamentos de los procesos de renovación y reestructuración en el marco del ciclo de vida de los destinos turísticos (pp. 1-21). Alicante: Universidad de Alicante.
Guerrero Rodríguez, R. (2010). Ecoturismo mexicano: la promesa, la realidad y el futuro. Un análisis situacional mediante estudios de caso. El Periplo Sustentable, 18, 37-67.
Higham, J. (2007). Ecotourism: Competing and conflicting schools of thought. En J. Higham, Critical Issues in Ecotourism: Understanding a Complex Phenomenon (pp. 20-40). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Honey, M. (2002). Ecotourism and Certification: Setting Standards in Practice. Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Honey, M. (2008). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington, D. C.: Island Press.
Hvenegaard, G. (1994). Ecotourism: A status report and conceptual framework. Journal of Tourism Studies, 5(2), 24-35.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (2010). Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010. México: Autor.
International Union for the Conservation of Nature. (1994). Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. Gland y Cambridge, Reino Unido: International Union for the Conservation of Nature-World Monitoring Conservation Centre.
Karst, H. (2017). “This is a holy place of Ama Jomo”: Buen vivir, indigenous voices and ecotourism development in a protected area of Bhutan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(6), 746-762.
Kenya National Bureau of Statitics. (2012). Statistical releases. Nairobi: Government of Kenya. Recuperado de https://www.knbs.or.ke/data-releases/
Laven, D. N., Wall-Reinius, S. y Fredman, P. (2015). New challenges for managing sustainable tourism in protected areas: An exploratory study of the European Landscape Convention in Sweden. Society & Natural Resources, 28(10), 1126-1143.
Lawton, L. J. y Weaver, D. B. (2015). Using residents’ perceptions research to inform planning and management for sustainable tourism: A study of the Gold Coast Schoolies Week, a contentious tourism event. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 660-682.
Magio, K. O., Velarde, M. V., Santillán, M. N. y Ríos, G. (2013). Ecotourism in developing countries: A critical analysis of the promise, the reality and the future. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 4(5), 481-486.
Marín, G., García, A. y Daltabuit, M. (coords.). (2012). Turismo, globalización y sociedades locales en la península de Yucatán, México (PASOS edita, 7). Tenerife: PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural.
Morse, J. M. (2003). Principles of mixed methods and multimethod research design. En A. Tashakkori y C. Teddlie (eds.), Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research (pp. 189-208). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Palomo, I., Montes, C., Martín-López, B., González, J. A., García-Llorente, M., Alcorlo, P. y Mora, M. R. G. (2014). Incorporating the social-ecological approach in protected areas in the Anthropocene. BioScience, 64(3), 181-191.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2a ed.). Newbury Park: Sage. Picard, D. (2015). Making ecotourism sustainable: Refocusing on economic viability. Lessons learnt from the “Regional strategic action plan for coastal ecotourism development in the South Western Indian Ocean”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(6), 819-837.
Poudel, S. y Nyaupane, G. P. (2017). Understanding environmentally responsible behaviour of ecotourists: The reasoned action approach. Tourism Planning & Development, 14(3), 337-352.
Primack, R. B. y Ros, J. (2002). Introducción a la biología de la conservación. Barcelona: Ariel.
Siewe, S., Vadjunec, J. M. y Caniglia, B. (2017). The politics of land use in the Korup National Park. Land, 6(1), 7.
Toledo, V. M. (2005). Repensar la conservación: ¿Áreas naturales protegidas o estrategia biorregional? Gaceta Ecológica, 77, 67-83. Unesco. (1995). Reservas de la biósfera: La estrategia de Sevilla y el marco estatutario de la red mundial. París: Autor.
Unesco. (2005). Biosphere Reserves Benefits and Opportunities, Man and the Biosphere Programme. Recuperado de http://portal.unesco.org [2016, 25 de noviembre].
Vargas del Río, D. y Brenner, L. (2013). Ecoturismo comunitario y conservación ambiental: la experiencia de La Ventanilla, Oaxaca, México. Estudios Sociales, 21(41), 31-63.
Weaver, D. (1998). Ecotourism in the Less Developed World. Wallingford: Cab International.
Weaver, D. (2006). Sustainable Tourism: Theory and Practice. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Kennedy Obombo Magio, Mónica Velarde Valdez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All contents of Dimensiones Turísticas are published under the Attribution/Attribution - non-commercial - sharealike 4.0 International license, and can be used free of charge for non-commercial purposes, giving credit to the authors and the Dimensiones Turísticas journal. Articles before January-December 2023 were published under Attribution/Attribution - Non-Commercial - NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.