COVID-19 and rural tourism: an anthropological perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47557/CKDK5549Keywords:
rural tourism, COVID-19, hospitality, othernessAbstract
Rurality plays an important role in the history of tourism in Latin America, it occupies a place within the imaginary collective of large cities. The capitalist system has forced massive migration from these areas, which were left unpopulated, to the big cities. Today, rural tourism offers an escape for thousands of city tourists and an opportunity for domestic economies. In times of crisis like the one that has caused COVID-19, is presented as a must-see destination for thousands of people as a valid alternative to a new normal where the encounter with the other is closed. The pandemic has not only accelerated a crisis of meaning in the Western world, probably caused by September 11th, but it also reaffirms a trend that we have called "the death of hospitality." In the days after 9/11, many Americans chose rural destinations for their vacations, therefore it is not surprising to note that most of the empirical and theoretical approaches date back to the years after 2001. These studies shed some light on the positive and negative effects around rural tourism that, as discussed in this critical review piece, appears not to be the solution to all problems.
Downloads
References
Augé, M. (1998). El viaje imposible: El turismo y sus imágenes. Editorial Gedisa.
Bassil, C. (2014). The effect of terrorism on tourism demand in the Middle East. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 20(4), 669-684. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0032
Baum, T. y Hai, N. T. T. (2020). Hospitality, tourism, human rights and the impact of COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 32(7): 2397-2407. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2020-0242
Bauman, Z. (2017). Tourists and vagabonds: Or, living in postmodern times. En Identity and social change (pp. 19-32). Routledge.
Bhattarai, K., Conway, D. y Shrestha, N. (2005). Tourism, terrorism and turmoil in Nepal. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 669-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.08.007
Bramwell, B. (1994). Rural tourism and sustainable rural tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(1-2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589409510679
Brouder, P., Teoh, S., Salazar, N. B., Mostafanezhad, M., Pung, J. M., Lapointe, D., Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Haywood, M., Hall, C. M. y Clausen, H. B (2020). Reflections and discussions: Tourism matters in the new normal post COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1770325
Buckley, R. (2020). Pandemic travel restrictions provide a test of net ecological effects of ecotourism and new research opportunities. Journal of Travel Research, 00, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520947812
Carr, A. (2020). COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: A view from New Zealand. Tourism Geographies, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
Comaroff, J. L. y Comaroff, J. (2009). Ethnicity, Inc. University of Chicago Press.
Den Dekker, T. y Tabbers, M. (2012). From creative crowds to creative tourism: A search for creative tourism in small and medium size cities. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice, 4(1), 129-141.
Derrida, J. y Dufourmantelle, A. (2000). Of hospitality. Stanford University Press.
Drakos, K. y Kutan, A. M. (2003). Regional effects of terrorism on tourism in three Mediterranean countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 47(5), 621-641. https://doi.org/10.2307/3176222
Everingham, P. y Chassagne, N. (2020). Post COVID-19 ecological and social reset: Moving away from capitalist growth models towards tourism as Buen Vivir. Tourism Geographies, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762119
Freire-Medeiros, B. (2014). Touring poverty. Routledge.
Gaffney, C. y Eeckels, B. (2020). COVID-19 and tourism risk in the Americas. Journal of Latin American Geography, 19(3), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1353/lag.2020.0054
Gallego, I. y Font, X. (2020). Changes in air passenger demand as a result of the COVID-19 crisis: Using Big Data to inform tourism policy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1773476
Gössling, S., Scott, D. y Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Hall, C. Williams, M. y Lew, A. (2004). Tourism: Conceptualizations, institutions, and issues. En A. Lew, M. Hall y A. Williams (Eds.), A companion to tourism (pp. 3-21) Blackwell Publishing.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020a). Socializing tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020b). The “war over tourism”: Challenges to sustainable tourism in the tourism academy after COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1803334
Innerarity, D. (2017). Ethics of hospitality. Taylor & Francis.
Korstanje, M. E. (2012). Reconsidering cultural tourism: an anthropologist's perspective. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 7(2), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2011.639883
Korstanje, M. E. (2018). Mobilities paradox: A critical analysis. Edward Elgar.
Korstanje, M. E. (2020a). El COVID-19 y la guerra invisible: ¿Es el fin de la hospitalidad? Rosa dos ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade, 12(3), 1-9. http://www.ucs.br/etc/revistas/index.php/rosadosventos/article/view/8420/pdf
Korstanje, M. E. (2020b). El turismo en un mundo incierto: Desafíos para el siglo XXI en un contexto post COVID-19. Anais Brasileiros de Estudos Turísticos-ABET, 10(1, 2 y 3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.34019/2238-2925.2020.v10.31397
Korstanje, M. E. y Olsen, D. H. (2011). The discourse of risk in horror movies post 9/11: Hospitality and hostility in perspective. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 1(3-4), 304-317. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTA.2011.043712
Korstanje, M. E. y Tarlow, P. (2012). Being lost: Tourism, risk and vulnerability in the post-9/11entertainment industry. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 10(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2011.639455
Korstanje, M. E. y Clayton, A. (2012). Tourism and terrorism: Conflicts and commonalities. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 4(1), 8-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211211198552
Lane, B. (1994). What is rural tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(1-2), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589409510680
Lash, S. M., Urry, S. L. J. y Urry, J. (1993). Economies of signs and space, Vol. 26. Sage.
MacCannell, D. (1976). The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. University of California Press.
MacCannell, D. (1992). Empty meeting grounds: The tourist papers. Psychology Press.
Mair, H, Reid, D y George, W. (2005). Globalization, rural tourism and community power. En D. Hall, I. Kirkpatrick y M. Mitchell (Eds.), Rural tourism and sustainable business (pp. 165-179). Clevendon, Channel View.
Marques, L. y Borba, C. (2017). Co-creating the city: Digital technology and creative tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.007
McKercher, B. y Chon, K. (2004). The over-reaction to SARS and the collapse of Asian tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 716-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(04)00028-3
Mitchell, M. y Hall, D. (2005). Rural tourism as sustainable business: Key themes and issues. En D. Hall, I. Kirkpatrick y M. Mitchell (Eds.), Rural tourism and sustainable business (pp. 3-14). Clevendon, Channel View.
Monterrubio, J. C. (2010). Short-term economic impacts of influenza A (H1N1) and government reaction on the Mexican tourism industry: an analysis of the media. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 3(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1504/IJTP.2010.031599
Morrow, J. y Shields, R. (2019). Paul Virilio: Clinical theory. Media Theory, 3(2), 179-188. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339391250_Paul_Virilio_Clinical_Theory
Nepal, S. K. (2020). Travel and tourism after COVID-19–business as usual or opportunity to reset? Tourism Geographies, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760926
Novelli, M., Burgess, L. G., Jones, A. y Ritchie, B. W. (2018). ‘No Ebola… still doomed’–The Ebola-induced tourism crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 70, 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.03.006
Nylander, M. y Hall D. (2005). Rural tourism policy: European perspectives. En D. Hall, I. Kirkpatrick y M. Mitchell (Eds.), Rural tourism and sustainable business (pp. 17-40). Clevendon, Channel View.
Palmer, C. y Lester, J. A. (2007). Stalking the cannibals: Photographic behaviour on the Sepik River. Tourist Studies, 7(1), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797607079806
Pratt, M. L. (2007). Imperial eyes: Travel writing and transculturation. Routledge.
Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of tourism research, 38(4), 1225-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.008
Richards, G. y Raymond, C. (2000). Creative tourism. ATLAS news, 23(8), 16-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254822440_Creative_Tourism
Romagosa, F. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis: Opportunities for sustainable and proximity tourism. Tourism Geographies, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763447
Saha, S. y Yap, G. (2014). The moderation effects of political instability and terrorism on tourism development: A cross-country panel analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 53(4), 509-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513496472
Schlüter, R. G. (2003). El Turismo en Argentina: Del balneario al campo. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Turísticos.
Sharpley, R. (2002). Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: The case of Cyprus. Tourism management, 23(3), 233-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00078-4
Sheller, M. (2020). Reconstructing tourism in the Caribbean: Connecting pandemic recovery, climate resilience and sustainable tourism through mobility justice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791141
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
Solarin, S. A. (2015). September 11 attacks, H1N1 influenza, global financial crisis and tourist arrivals in Sarawak. Anatolia, 26(2), 298-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2014.991933
Stankov, U., Filimonau, V. y Vujičić, M. D. (2020). A mindful shift: An opportunity for mindfulness-driven tourism in a post-pandemic world. Tourism Geographies, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768432
Sunstein, C. R. (2005). Laws of fear: Beyond the precautionary principle, Vol. 6. Cambridge University Press.
Tan, S. K., Luh, D. B. y Kung, S. F. (2014). A taxonomy of creative tourists in creative tourism. Tourism Management, 42, 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.11.008
Tarlow, P. (2014). Tourism security: strategies for effectively managing travel risk and safety. Elsevier.
Timothy, D. (2005) Rural tourism business: A North American overview. En D. Hall, I. Kirkpatrick y M. Mitchell (Eds.), Rural tourism and sustainable business (pp-41-62). Channel View.
Tzanelli, R. (2004). Constructing the ‘cinematic tourist’: The ‘sign industry’ of The Lord of the Rings. Tourist studies, 4(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797604053077
Tzanelli, R. (2008). Anthropological encounters. En Nation-building and identity in Europe (pp. 71-99). Palgrave Macmillan.
Tzanelli, R. (2013). Struggling with the Other: Embodied styles as tourist articulation. En Olympic Ceremonialism and The Performance of National Character: From London 2012 to Rio 2016 (pp. 96-117). Palgrave Macmillan.
Wen, J., Wang, W., Kozak, M., Liu, X. y Hou, H. (2020). Many brains are better than one: The importance of interdisciplinary studies on COVID-19 in and beyond tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1761120
Wilson, S., Fesenmaier, D. R., Fesenmaier, J. y Van Es, J. C. (2001). Factors for success in rural tourism development. Journal of Travel research, 40(2), 132-138. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/004728750104000203
Yuan, M. (2005). After September 11th: Determining its impacts on rural Canadians’ travel to the US. E-review of tourism Research, 3(5), 103-108. http://ertr.tamu.edu/pdfs/a-91.pdf
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Maximiliano E. Korstanje
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All contents of Dimensiones Turísticas are published under the Attribution/Attribution - non-commercial - sharealike 4.0 International license, and can be used free of charge for non-commercial purposes, giving credit to the authors and the Dimensiones Turísticas journal. Articles before January-December 2023 were published under Attribution/Attribution - Non-Commercial - NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.